Vibration analysis is a powerful tool for predictive maintenance. This is a first-level course, where the topic is introduced and the method of data acquisition with the creation of a dedicated database is illustrated. The aim is to recognize, through spectrum analysis, the most common damages or malfunctions of rotating machines. All the concepts presented are put into practice with the aid of a test bench, where it is possible to simulate all the main operational anomalies detectable with vibration analysis.