Contemporary robotics is very different from the traditional imagery that often accompanies it. This course offers a clear and updated reading of today’s robotics, addressing its fundamental principles, technological architectures, and operational logics that make it one of the most complex and strategic disciplines of industrial and social innovation. Through a structured and accessible path, the course helps to understand how robots evolve from simple automation to increasingly versatile systems, capable of interacting with productive environments and human contexts, and what role artificial intelligence, mechatronics, and programming play in this transformation.